The American linguist Joseph Greenberg (1915–2001) proposed a set of linguistic universals based primarily on a set of 30 languages. The following list is verbatim from the list printed in the appendix of Greenberg's Universals of Language and "Universals Restated", sorted by context. The numbering is fixed … See more 1. "In declarative sentences with nominal subject and object, the dominant order is almost always one in which the subject precedes the object." 2. "In languages with prepositions, the genitive almost always follows the governing See more 1. "If in a language with dominant SOV order there is no alternative basic order, or only OSV as the alternative, then all adverbial modifiers of the verb likewise precede the verb. … See more 1. "If a language has discontinuous affixes, it always has either prefixing or suffixing or both." 2. "If a language is exclusively suffixing, … See more Webexact nature of language universals, their origin, and how best to study them.’ They add（2009: 5）: ‘The search for universals of languages has been, and still remains, one of 1 With not only linguistic loss as a consequence : humanity would lose enormous cul-tural wealth and embedded knowledge, UNESCO AtlasoftheWorld’sLanguagesinDan-
Fundamental Universals of Language (expanded version)
Webbabel.ucsc.edu http://www.tushik.org/wp-content/uploads/GRE-order.pdf onrc alba
Greenberg
WebFrom the book On Language. Some Universals Particular Meaningful 1. The tentative conclusions the Without much complete sampling the world's languages, the absence to most of the universals asserted here be fully assured. As indicated the title, attention has been concentrated largely, but by no exclusively, on questions concerning morpheme … WebJoseph H. Greenberg, in full Joseph Harold Greenberg, (born May 28, 1915, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.—died May 7, 2001, Stanford, California), American anthropologist and linguist specializing in African languages and in language universals. Greenberg was the first to present a unified classification of African languages. Having studied with Franz … Web*Joseph H. Greenberg, "Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements", In: Joseph H. Greenberg (ed.). Universals of Language. London: MIT Press, pp. 73-75. 2. The Basic Order Typology*/4 Linguists are, in general, familiar with the notion that certain languages tend consistently onrbo